mahram 男性監護人

mahram 
繁: 男性監護人
簡: 男性监护人

婦女還可以在沒有「mahram」（男性監護人）的情況下，進行被稱為「副朝覲」的「Umrah」或其他常規朝覲，如「ziyarat」（謁陵），女性可在一年中的任何時間前往伊斯蘭聖地朝覲。 

沙特婦女可無男監護人朝聖　惟女性仍將集體出行？（2023年8月11日）。香港01，取自https://www.hk01.com/article/926513?utm_source=01articlecopy&utm_medium=referral

The Taliban has banned solo travel for women and only allow them to go abroad with their husbands or a related male companion such as a brother, uncle or father, known as a mahram, a male escort.

Taliban stop female Afghan students leaving country to study in Dubai (2023, Aug 29). BBC News. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-66636750