involution 內卷

involution
繁：內卷
简：内卷

作為一個人類學術語，內卷原本用來指亞洲農業社會中長期精耕細作投入大量勞動力卻沒有實現經濟突破的問題。在各個行業處於激烈競爭中的中國年輕人認為，他們面對競爭的無力感與這個現象有共通之處。

「內卷」與「躺平」之間掙扎的中國年輕人（2021年6月2日）。BBC News 中文，取自 https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-57304453

A situation of “involution” has been cited as a factor responsible for this paradox. This concept was originally used by anthropologists to describe how population growth in some agrarian societies is coupled with a decrease in per capita wealth.

Why is China falling behind on breakthrough innovation?. (2021, Jul 17). University World News. Retrieved from https://finance.yahoo.com/news/hainan-unveils-14th-five-plan-072000625.html